zstd compression wikipedia. virtual-machine; qemu; zstd; kkocdko.
zstd compression wikipedia This document describes the mechanism and registers a media type, content encoding, and a structured syntax suffix to be used when transporting zstd-compressed content via MIME. There are three algorithms available: ZLIB, LZO and ZSTD (since v4. This strategy necessarily requires the down-conversion of v2 message … mysqld. zst files. I originally started using it because I spent most of my time on a windows VFIO VM and the open source driver let me play my games on windows/linux. The compression … Code: proxmox-backup-client benchmark --repository PBS-C-WD14TB Uploaded 2014 chunks in 5 seconds. . com> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel. Unloads of query data to Parquet data files support only LZO or SNAPPY as compression algorithms. The builds will take longer, but … Compression. ago Zstd does have negative compression levels. com/popsulfr/steamos-btrfs ? next prev parent reply other threads:[~2019-03-01 16:07 UTC|newest] Thread overview: 52+ messages / expand[flat|nested] mbox. There is an option compression_type=zstd to enable zstd compression for qcow2 according to wiki. It uses by default the lz4 compression … to support the algorithm. 5-3. compression 1 See How Intel Atom® Processors and Intel® QAT Power Networking and Storage As a key feature of the Intel Atom® C5000, P5300, and P5700 processors, Intel® QAT makes acceleration scalable to meet the versatile performance needs of today’s network appliances and network security applications. It's … Zstandard, or "zstd" (pronounced "zee standard"), is a lossless data compression mechanism. zstd is available in the Linux kernel to support initramfs compression, compressed kernel modules, and compressed … 首先从官网下载插件直接导入项目中即可网址:下载地址 教程:教程地址工程示例:GitHub - EllanJiang/StarForce: This is a demo made with Game Framework. dev, Raul Rangel <rrangel@chromium. exe set compression_level@zstd_comp@compression@transaction@binary_log技术文章由 … zstd is a fast, lossless compression algorithm and tool suite. The system will then have 25% of 8GB times two, what is 4GB of swap space in memory which only costs 2 GB of RAM. It provides high compression ratios as well as great compression and decompression speeds, offering best-in-kind performance in many conventional situations. zstdmt is equivalent to zstd -T0. exe set compression_level@zstd_comp@compression@transaction@binary_log技术文章由 … Zstd does have negative compression levels. gzip. zstd - zstd, zstdmt, unzstd, zstdcat - Compress or decompress . org>, Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel . I haven't looked at / tested the patch yet, but I wonder if you have any. zstd is an added compilation time capability for RPM itself. intel. صفحههایی برای ویرایشگرانی که از سامانه خارج شدند بیشتر بدانید. The Asymmetric Numeral System (ANS) is a new entropy compression method that the industry has highly valued in recent years. AppImage 5. Zstandard (ZSTD) is a fast, lossless compression algorithm. The compression library Zstandard (also known as "Zstd") has the ability to create an external "dictionary" from a set of training files which can be used to more … Zstandard, better known by its C implementation zstd, is a lossless data compression algorithm developed by Yann Collet at Facebook that provides a high compression ratio with very good. You'll simply include "–" along with any value that ranges between 1 and 19. ورود. . Here’s Rsync 3. Redundancy should be handled by the filesystem. I might build --with-zstd and yet pg_dump does. ZIP compression is quite fast and it is not CPU intensive (for today's standard) compared to competing standards as rar and 7z - it's based on Deflate lossless compression algorithm (like in GZip format), alternatively Deflate64 or BZip2 based compression is possible, and supported by PeaZip - that makes ZIP format an ideal candidate for … The FreeBSD, Illumos, ZFS on Linux, and ZFS-OSX implementations of the ZFS filesystem support the LZ4 algorithm for on-the-fly compression. Name: zstd Version: 1. while there are multiple ways to do this, but the focus of this will be on using qemu-img's qcow2 compression, you can simply run qemu-img create -f qcow2 -o compression_type=zstd disk. * The use case needs much less stack memory. It offers a very wide range of compression / speed trade-off, while being backed by a very fast decoder. … windsorHaze • 21 min. 2. Internally, this will do the following: It validates the given configuration including the dict_chooser expression, then stores it in a table _zstd_config. zstd originated at Facebook. Official documentation. org>, LKML <linux-kernel@vger. Zstandard (Zstd) is emerging as an important compression algorithm … Compression algorithms relying on an adaptive dictionary, such as LZ4, zstd, and zlib, struggle to achieve good compression ratios on small inputs when using the basic compress API. zstdcat is … windsorHaze • 21 min. org help / color / mirror / Atom feed * [PATCH v7 00/20] Drivers for gunyah hypervisor @ 2022-11-21 13:59 Elliot Berman 2022-11-21 13:59 ` [PATCH v7 01/20] docs: gunyah: Introduce Gunyah Hypervisor Elliot Berman ` (19 more replies) 0 siblings, 20 replies; 33+ messages in thread From: Elliot Berman @ 2022-11-21 13:59 … Zstd can be configured to compress files at near hard drive and network line rates if you sacrifice compression ratios and still end up transfering compressed files as fast as no compression transfers! Both zstd (and lz4) and xxHash are developed and maintained by Facebook’s Yan Collet ( Twitter ). exe set compression_level@zstd_comp@compression@transaction@binary_log技术文章由 … Better performance is generally achieved with the fastest compress algorithms, zstd and lzo, and some benchmarks provide detailed comparisons. The reference library offers a very wide range of speed / … Zstd - ویکیپدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد. virtual-machine; qemu; zstd; kkocdko. This will enable the zstd algorithm on the default level (which is 3). libzstd-1. It provides high compression ratios as well as great compression and decompression speeds, offering … XZ Utils(previously LZMA Utils) is a set of free softwarecommand-linelossless data compressors, including the programs lzma and xz, for Unix-likeoperating systems and, from version 5. Yet zstd still outperformed. exe set compression_level@zstd_comp@compression@transaction@binary_log技术文章由 … A. Zstandard (also known as zstd) is a free open source, fast real-time data compression program with better compression ratios, developed by Facebook. Changing the levels will affect CPU and I/O . I am aware that I can simply just decompress it and then work on the resulting file, but that uses up a lot of space on my ssd . Learn more mysqld. kernel. zstd is a fast, lossless compression algorithm and tool suite. 0 onwards, Microsoft Windows. zstd_compress_stream_to_records() is used to convert parts of mmaped kernel buffer into an array of PERF_EVENT_COMPRESSED records. أحد الأنماط الرئيسة في الترميز الإنتروبي . Using compression to save space on your image can be a very valuable tool. A lot was saved at AWS switching from gzip to zstd - about 30% reduction in compressed S3 storage, exabyte scale. ZFS is a next generation filesystem created by Matthew Ahrens and Jeff Bonwick. It is a lossless compression algorithm written in C (there is a re-implementation in Java) – its thus a native Linux program. With small inputs, not much content gets added to the dictionary during the … mysqld. 5. zstd is available in the Linux kernel to support initramfs compression, compressed kernel modules, and compressed swap space. to support the algorithm. See more The first one is that the corresponding compressed output will change a lot if there is a tiny change in the original input; moreover, the reverse is also applied. com/popsulfr/steamos-btrfs ? From: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat. ago Btw, have you seen https://gitlab. Still have some questions after reading the wiki. ایجاد حساب. Alternatives 2 Requires 3 Required By Search Packages … ZFS is a next generation filesystem created by Matthew Ahrens and Jeff Bonwick. zstdoffers highly configurable compression speed, from fast modes at > 200 MB/s per core, to strong modes with NAME. It was designed around a few key ideas: Administration of storage should be simple. org> Cc: oe-kbuild-all@lists. In effect, pigz and gzip were at about 30% compression while zstd was at about 15% compression. This algorithm delivers better compression compared to gzip that … It is slightly faster (less than a second) to load a compressed kernel-decompress kernel than an uncompressed kernel. state) and a bitstream segment. Zstandard (Zstd) is emerging as an important compression algorithm … There is an option compression_type=zstd to enable zstd compression for qcow2 according to wiki. linux. The builds will take longer, but the additional compression time is negligible in the total build time and it pays off in better compression ratio than xz lvl2 has. Of course … Some animated stuff can be compressed with zstd, but lz4 is unlikely to offer anything. the current week) uncompressed. For now focused on speed. They are available both in the command-line tool (via --fast=N) and in the library methods (by passing a negative number as the compression level parameter). Version 1 of this implementation was released as open-source software on 31 August 2016. Note: The Zstandard (ZSTD) compression is only supported when loading Parquet data files into Snowflake, but not when unloading Parquet data files through a COPY INTO <location> operation. qcow2 10G and this will create a zstd compressed disk image for you to use. Rsync 3. URL Name Zstd is an emerging compression algorithm from Facebook that is ideal for compressing database dumps. 29 MB/s Decompress speed: 1151. Support ZStandard to the old clients which can understand v0, v1 messages only. With the basic compress API, the compressor starts with an empty dictionary. thoughts regarding the size_t / int … Zstd does have negative compression levels. Having gzip and pigz at 3 is much higher compression than zstd at 3. Zswap gets filled up first and evicts pages from compressed cache on an LRU basis to the backing swap device when the compressed pool reaches its size limit. NAME. في نظرية المعلومات الترميز الإنتروبي بالإنجليزية (Entropy Encoding) هو مخطط ضغظ غير منقوص للبيانات والذي يعتمد على محدد لوغاريتمي للمنتصف. For rsync 3. 3 Benchmarks. For compression/decompression the Lempel–Ziv–Markov chain algorithm(LZMA) is used. g. 4-1 [multilib] (x86_64) Dependencies (8) gcc-libs glibc lz4 xz zlib cmake (make) gtest (make) ninja (make) … 首先从官网下载插件直接导入项目中即可网址:下载地址 教程:教程地址工程示例:GitHub - EllanJiang/StarForce: This is a demo made with Game Framework. However, zstd is the best all around option if we factor in disk space and compression time. mysqld. With the continued increase in the amount of big data generated and stored in various application domains, such as high-frequency trading, compression techniques are becoming ever more important to reduce the requirements on communication bandwidth and storage capacity. zstdis a fast lossless compression algorithm and data compression tool, with command line syntax similar to gzip(1)and xz(1). Zstandard, often abbreviated as zstd, is a relatively new compression tool that premiered in 2015. 34 MB/s SHA256 speed: 2316. It renames the table and adds a … compression= lzjb,lz4,zle,gzip{,-N},zstd{,-fast}{,-N},on,off uses the given compression method or the default method for compression which is lz4 on pools with feature@lz4_compress=enabled and lzjb otherwise. org help / color / mirror / Atom feed From: kernel test robot <lkp@intel. Zstd is the reference implementation in C. 06 MB/s Compression speed: 890. zstd:1 according to benchmarks is x2 faster the zlib:1 and 4x higher compression than zlib:4 amstan • 1 min. ابزارهای شخصی. thoughts regarding the size_t / int … mysqld. Tmanok • 9 mo. python python-3. zstd is pretty much the state of the art for many kinds of data compression. 49 MB/s AES256/GCM speed: 2705. sdl7. It was created by engineers at Facebook, looking to improve on the speed and … Zstd does have negative compression levels. \\ \\ Installed size: 61kB Dependencies: libc, libzstd Categories: utilities---compression Repositories: community-packages Architectures: Stream a . sharenfs= on,off,ro,nfsoptions shares the dataset via NFS. … to support the algorithm. It is based … compression= lzjb,lz4,zle,gzip{,-N},zstd{,-fast}{,-N},on,off uses the given compression method or the default method for compression which is lz4 on pools with feature@lz4_compress=enabled and lzjb otherwise. thoughts regarding the size_t / int … windsorHaze • 21 min. The level can be specified manually too like zstd:3. Wikipedia. Zstandard, or zstd as short version, is a fast lossless compression algorithm, targeting real-time compression scenarios at zlib-level and better compression ratios. rpm Description libzstd - Zstd shared library Zstandard compression shared library. zstdoffers highly configurable compression speed, from fast modes at > 200 MB/s per core, to strong modes with 首先从官网下载插件直接导入项目中即可网址:下载地址 教程:教程地址工程示例:GitHub - EllanJiang/StarForce: This is a demo made with Game Framework. 0 votes. جمع و باز کردن نوار کناری. Have access control at the Workspace level - To ensure secure access to the ClickHouse, it is recommended to manage access at the workspace level. 128; asked Jun 9, 2022 at 14:37. 0, replacing lz4. 4-1 Versions Elsewhere lib32-zstd 1. Zstandard is a real-time compression algorithm, providing high compression ratios. Re: zstd compression for pg_dump - Mailing list pgsql-hackers From: Tomas Vondra: Subject: Re: zstd compression for pg_dump: Date: March 17 05:43:31: Msg-id to support the algorithm. 3. tar) using Zstd (Zstandard) compression … Comparing Brotli and Zstandard extraction speed, Zstandard provides the best decompression performances for every compression level, being uniformly about 40% faster than Brotli- except for extracting the file compressed at minimum compression level, where Zstd is about twice as fast as Brotli. algorithms may not be supported by pg_dump from day 1. This test measures the time needed to compress/decompress a sample file (silesia. GitHub. … zstdis a fast lossless compression algorithm and data compression tool, with command line syntax similar to gzip(1)and xz(1). next prev parent reply other threads:[~2019-03-01 16:07 UTC|newest] Thread overview: 52+ messages / expand[flat|nested] mbox. Re: zstd compression for pg_dump - Mailing list pgsql-hackers From: Tomas Vondra: Subject: Re: zstd compression for pg_dump: Date: March 17 05:43:31: Msg-id Compression Btrfs supports transparent file compression. Wasn't until I got a steam deck when I looked more into the potential of the . … While working with zstd compression, you'll notice that you won't remove the source files by default upon compression. Zstd Compression. Re: zstd compression for pg_dump - Mailing list pgsql-hackers From: Tomas Vondra: Subject: Re: zstd compression for pg_dump: Date: March 17 05:43:31: Msg-id To set a compression level, zstd has a number of operation modifiers, for instance you can specify a compression level as -6(a number 1-19, default is 3) as shown. 项目导入之后首先进行打包准备:在自己的工程下面建立目录Game Main,如图: configs放置我们的配置文件,然后我们在Editor文件夹加载该配置文件第一步:生成 . thoughts regarding the size_t / int … ZFS is a next generation filesystem created by Matthew Ahrens and Jeff Bonwick. com/popsulfr/steamos-btrfs ? 首先从官网下载插件直接导入项目中即可网址:下载地址 教程:教程地址工程示例:GitHub - EllanJiang/StarForce: This is a demo made with Game Framework. com> To: Mark Hasemeyer <markhas@chromium. It is based on the LZ77family, with further FSE & huff0 entropy stages. File-systems should never be taken offline for repair. For page compression, zswap uses compressor modules provided by the kernel's cryptographic API. It also offers a special mode for small data, called dictionary compression . A high performance compression algorithm is implemented. Automated simulations of worst case scenarios before shipping code is important. This package provides compression to and … zstd 1. Zstandard lets you specify your desired compression level. gz Atom feed top 2019-03-01 15:27 [PATCH v5 00/10] perf: enable compression of record mode trace to save storage space Alexey Budankov 2019-03-01 15:41 ` [PATCH v5 02/10] perf record: implement -f,--mmap-flush=<threshold . ANS is valued by the industry precisely because it captures the benefits of both Huffman Coding and Arithmetic Coding. But it always uses zstd level 3, how could I do to compress it with level 19? This image is read-only . But it always uses zstd level 3, how could I do to compress it with … next prev parent reply other threads:[~2019-03-01 16:07 UTC|newest] Thread overview: 52+ messages / expand[flat|nested] mbox. The reference library offers a very wide range of speed / compression trade-off, and is backed by an extremely fast decoder (see benchmarks below). ago For an nvme ssd the general consensus seems to be zstd:1 compression ratio to maximize the speed of the nvme. record size and compression level using ZSTD_estimateCCtxSize_advanced() Could use ZSTD_initStaticCCtx() Prototype uses multiple kmem caches to avoid consuming more memory than needed Decompression context is 152K Record Size zstd -1 zstd -3 zstd -19 16K 136K 200K 488K 128K 524K 1,004K 2,804K 1024K 556K 1,260K 13,556K 8192K … Zstandard, or zstd as short version, is a fast lossless compression algorithm, targeting real-time compression scenarios at zlib-level and better compression ratios. org>, Mark … Zstandard (Zstd) is emerging as an important compression algorithm for big data sets capable of achieving a good compression ratio but with a higher speed than comparable algorithms. جستجو. \\ This package provides the zstd binaries. thoughts regarding the size_t / int … Still have some questions after reading the wiki. The second is that ANS compressing an image will produce two intertwined outcomes: a positive integer (aka. x86_64. Properly assigning admin roles between the organization, workspace, and read-only access can help maintain data integrity and … With the continued increase in the amount of big data generated and stored in various application domains, such as high-frequency trading, compression techniques are becoming ever more important to reduce the requirements on communication bandwidth and storage capacity. DESCRIPTION. x archive zstd SimonUnderwood 59 asked Jan 22 at 4:50 1 vote 0 answers 51 views A lot was saved at AWS switching from gzip to zstd - about 30% reduction in compressed S3 storage, exabyte scale. Enable transparent compression using zstd on select directories: /usr, /var/lib/flatpak, ~/. Presumably you're not writing enough data constantly to worry about the CPU overheads. 14), with various levels. TLS speed: 1688. exe set compression_level@zstd_comp@compression@transaction@binary_log技术文章由 … Best Practices ChistaDATA ClickHouse Cloud Best Practices. In terms of speed, lz4 is the fastest for loading the kernel followed by zstd. org>, Bhanu Prakash Maiya <bhanumaiya@chromium. It may improve performance in some instances. While working with zstd compression, you'll notice that you won't remove the source files by default upon compression. budankov@linux. So for fun, I ran the … Re: zstd compression for pg_dump - Mailing list pgsql-hackers From: Tomas Vondra: Subject: Re: zstd compression for pg_dump: Date: March 17 05:43:31: Msg-id compression= lzjb,lz4,zle,gzip{,-N},zstd{,-fast}{,-N},on,off uses the given compression method or the default method for compression which is lz4 on pools with feature@lz4_compress=enabled and lzjb otherwise. 1-x86_64. The compression happens on the level of file extents and the algorithm is selected by file property, mount option or by a defrag command. Higher levels compress better at the cost of time. Linux supports LZ4 for SquashFS … Zstd does have negative compression levels. $ zstd -6 --rm etcher-1. exec= on,off controls if programs can be executed on the dataset. Compression Btrfs supports transparent file compression. 2-1 Description: Zstandard - Fast real-time compression algorithm. From: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat. Zstd does have negative compression levels. zstdcat is equivalent to zstd -dcf. not support that algorithm yet. Hi all, i've been using BTRFS on my hard drive for about 2 years now. ترميز بالاعتلاج. It is based … windsorHaze • 21 min. Read Also: 10 7zip (Data Comperssion) Command Examples in … 13 April 2021 by Korbin Brown. exe set compression_level@zstd_comp@compression@transaction@binary_log技术、学习、经验文章掘金开发者社区搜索结果。掘金是一个帮助开发者成长的社区,mysqld. Surprisingly, compared with Huffman and Arithmetic coding, systematic descriptions of ANS are … LKML Archive on lore. 首先从官网下载插件直接导入项目中即可网址:下载地址 教程:教程地址工程示例:GitHub - EllanJiang/StarForce: This is a demo made with Game Framework. LZO has a fixed compression level, whereas ZLIB & ZSTD have a range of levels from 1 (low compression) to 9 (ZLIB) or 15 (ZSTD); see btrfs(5) § COMPRESSION. zstd_init(), zstd_fini() are used for initialization and finalization of API usage to allocate and deallocate zstd objects. zstdio The recommended compression level is 19. There is some discussion of updating RPM on … next prev parent reply other threads:[~2019-03-01 16:07 UTC|newest] Thread overview: 52+ messages / expand[flat|nested] mbox. zstdoffers highly configurable compression speed, from fast modes at > 200 MB/s per core, to strong modes with Zstandard, commonly known by the name of its reference implementation zstd, is a lossless data compression algorithm developed by Yann Collet at Facebook. Zstandard is a fast compression algorithm, providing high compression ratios. It is based … Transparent compression is a btrfs feature that allows a btrfs filesystem to apply compression on a per-file basis. Time per request: 2484 microseconds. Zstandard, better known by its C implementation zstd, is a lossless data . 3 with zstd compression fast negative levels for -30, -60, -150, -350 and -8000 to showcase how flexible zstd is in allowing you to choose speed versus compression ratio/sizes. At the time, it did not seem like it would be necessary to store the specific level of Zstd a block was compressed with. This in turn may cause increased write latency, low levels are suitable for real-time compression and on reasonably fast CPU don’t cause noticeable performance drops. 0 answers. Imagine a system with 8 GB of RAM with zswap using up to 25% of it, and zswap reaching a compression ratio of a factor two. Of the three supported algorithms, zstd is the … A compression tool compresses and decompresses data, e. SYNOPSIS. 3 zstd there are compression levels from -131072 to 22 and a choice between newer xxhash vs … From: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat. The macro for setting the compression is: %define _binary_payload w19. zstd is a fast lossless compression algorithm and data compression tool, with command line syntax similar to gzip(1) and xz(1). ¶ mysqld. local/share/flatpak; Advantage: Saves space and significantly increase the lifespan of flash-based media by reducing write amplification. The reference library offers a very wide range of speed / compression trade-off, and is backed by an extremely fast decoder (see benchmarks below). Code Issues Pull Requests Packages Projects Releases 11 Wiki Activity You can not select more than 25 topics Topics must start with a . To set a compression speed, zstd has a compression speed ratio 1-10, the default compression speed is 1. These tools are often used in sequence by firstly creating an archive file and then compressing it. unzstd is equivalent to zstd -d. com> To: Alexey Budankov <alexey. The resulting file is called a "dictionary" and can be used to compress other values similar to the seen samples to even smaller sizes. but dedicated to huff0's weights compression. *Exaxtly* the same problem happened about 10 years ago, when RPM switched from using gzip to using xz. Better performance is generally achieved with the fastest compress algorithms, zstd and lzo, and some benchmarks provide detailed comparisons. ZSTD_writeLE16 (ostart, (U16) cSize); op + = cSize;} For real world use cases you might want a more complex key, for example one that keeps the "hot set " of data (e. zst. zst compressed file line by line I am trying to sift through a big database that is compressed in a . 21 MB/s Verify speed: … LKML Archive on lore. To set a compression level, zstd has a number of operation modifiers, for instance you can specify a compression level as -6(a number 1-19, default is 3) as shown. Properly assigning admin roles between the organization, workspace, and read-only access can help maintain data integrity and … amining how the compression field in the block pointer is used, it became clear that the on-disk format only needs to map the compression setting to the correct decompression function, which is the same for all Zstd levels. This is because zstd’s compression scale goes from 1 to 22 while gzip & pigz compression scale is from 1 to 9 I think. Even after we add zstd to pg_dump, it's quite likely other compression. It also offers a special mode for small data, called dictionary compression. Zstandard library is provided as open source … ZFS is a next generation filesystem created by Matthew Ahrens and Jeff Bonwick. 4. پرش به محتوا. Best Practices ChistaDATA ClickHouse Cloud Best Practices. Compression algorithm. exe set compression_level@zstd_comp@compression@transaction@binary_log技术文章由 … amining how the compression field in the block pointer is used, it became clear that the on-disk format only needs to map the compression setting to the correct decompression function, which is the same for all Zstd levels. There's very little harm in having either of them enabled because if it isn't compressible, it'll just get stored as uncompressed data. You'll need to use the –rm flag to remove source files when performing file compression. -*- LZO compression algorithm <*> LZ4 compression algorithm <*> LZ4HC compression algorithm <*> Zstd . The 19 compression variants offer more flexibility than just lz4- another strength is the decode time is not a function of the compression factor, which is something good on coldish storage that's rarely updated. Zswap is a compressed swap cache in RAM and works as a type of proxy for regular swap (in this context also called backing swap device). exe set compression_level@zstd_comp@compression@transaction@binary_log技术文章由 … to support the algorithm. Compression. com/popsulfr/steamos-btrfs ? Re: zstd compression for pg_dump - Mailing list pgsql-hackers From: Tomas Vondra: Subject: Re: zstd compression for pg_dump: Date: March 17 05:43:31: Msg-id Re: zstd compression for pg_dump - Mailing list pgsql-hackers From: Tomas Vondra: Subject: Re: zstd compression for pg_dump: Date: March 17 05:43:31: Msg-id The compression library Zstandard (also known as "Zstd") has the ability to create an external "dictionary" from a set of training files which can be used to more efficiently (in terms of compression and decompression speed and also in terms of compression ratio) compress files of the same type as the training files. zstdoffers highly configurable compression speed, from fast modes at > 200 MB/s per core, to strong modes with Your observation is correct: zstd is now standard and the default on openzfs 2. The "training" feature works by taking a set of data samples and finding the most useful common strings in these samples.